TOUCH THE MACHINERY

Learn by trying.

Change something and see what happens. Each experiment starts with a question and explains its limits. Not sure where to begin? Try building a response, one token at a time.

Try the token generator →
01
Tokenization

Break text into tokens

Type, inspect the pieces, and reconstruct your input with a transparent toy vocabulary.

A simplified longest-match tokenizer, not a product tokenizer.
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02
Vector similarity

Find a direction in meaning

Move a vector and see cosine similarity respond to its direction.

Hand-authored two-dimensional vectors, not learned word meanings.
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03
Causal attention

See attention add up

Inspect queries, keys, values, and the actual weights behind a tiny attention matrix.

A small numerical attention calculation, not a window into reasoning.
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04
Temperature & sampling

Turn scores into choices

Adjust temperature and top-k, then sample from the resulting distribution.

Illustrative logits; the probability and sampling calculations are real.
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05
Autoregressive generation

Grow a sequence

Generate one token at a time and watch each choice become the next input.

An explicit hand-authored bigram table, not a trained language model.
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06
Training & loss

Make one weight learn

Take real gradient steps in a tiny classifier and track the loss.

A trained scalar logistic model; much smaller than a language model.
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07
Context budget

Fit the conversation

Budget a limited window and see which pieces of a conversation remain available.

An illustrative word-piece budget, not any provider’s token count.
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08
Retrieval & tools

Give the model a source

Compare a model-only illustration, a local document lookup, and a calculator.

A deterministic local workflow with fictional documents; no live model or web search.
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